Hainault Forest Website
Hainault
Estate Road Names Explained
Street names on the Hainault
Estate are linked to occupations, trades, hunting, deer and plants subject
to Forest Laws which once applied in the area.
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COUNTRY PARK
HAINAULT LODGE
HAYMAKING
SCOUT JAMBOREE
SPOOKFEST
TOPOGRAPHY
WOODHENGE
VISITORS CENTRE
SNOW SUNDAY |
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REGARDER
- A Regarder was a knight whose responsibility was to check the woods and
forest areas (The regard) every 3 years, and report back to the Forest Court. |
AGISTER
- Agisters were forest
officials who collected money for the feeding of oxen, cattle or pigs
(The agistment) in the woods or forest areas. |
ARROWSMITH ROAD |
FLETCHER ROAD |
CROSSBOW ROAD |
ARROWSMITH
- An Arrowsmith forges the arrow tips. |
FLETCHER
- A Fletcher fits the
feathers or flights to the arrow. |
CROSSBOW
- Heavy fines were
imposed for using the Crossbow in the forest. |
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BROCKET WAY |
BROCKET
- A male Red deer in his
second year |
STAGGART GR. |
Or
STAGGARD
- a male Red deer in his fourth year. Also a 1+year swan. |
HIND CLOSE |
HIND
- A female Red deer in her first year |
HART CRES. |
HART
- A male red deer in his sixth year. If hunted - a Hart Royal. |
FALLOW CLOSE |
FALLOW
- The Red and Fallow deer were
beasts of the chase. |
FAWN CLOSE |
FAWN
- Male or female Fallow deer
in their first year |
TINE ROAD |
ROEBUCK ROAD |
ROEBUCK
- Male Roe deer. Not a beast
of chase, i.e. not venison. |
A
TINE is a point on the
antlers of Red deer. Generally indicate age of the deer. |
BOAR CLOSE |
BOAR
- Wild boar were present in 13th Century. Classed as venison. |
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HARBOURER ROAD |
The
illustration shows fourteenth century
HARBOURERS
and a BERNER (centre). On the right the Harbourer has a lymehound which
hunts by scent, and is secured by a lymer. The Harbourer on the left has
released his dog, which has unharbourered a deer, i.e. flushed it from
cover. The lymer is coiled on his
arm. The Berner looks after the dogs and feeds them. |
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HUNTSMAN ROAD |
TUFTER ROAD |
COVERT ROAD |
HUNTSMEN
were the King's servants. The sheriff or other dignitary was required by
the King to pay a daily allowance to the huntsmen and their hounds when in
their area. |
A
TUFTER
is a dog trained to drive deer
out of cover. This breed of dog is not mentioned in W.R.Fisher's book
"Forest of Essex" but was used in other English forests. |
A COVERT
is a thicket which provided
cover for deer, game and other animals. |
PEREGRINE ROAD |
TERCEL PATH |
BEARING WAY |
The
PEREGRINE
falcon along with the Goshawk were used in falconry. |
A
TERCEL
was the male of the peregrine, goshawk and other raptors used in hunting |
A
BEARING
was the support used for a goshawk or other raptor. |
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HOLT WAY |
KINGSWOOD |
BURROW ROAD |
HOLT
-Saxon origin meaning
woodland.
Hainault was called Hyneholt
in 1239, possibly meaning a monastic woodland, as it was part of the manor
of Barking Abbey. |
Following
the dissolution of the monasteries, Henry VIII acquired their woodlands,
and in 1544 ordered a survey
of the woodland at Hainault to determine its value. It became known as
KINGSWOOD |
The fox and
the rabbit were designated beasts of warren and were killed but not
conserved. Rabbits were kept in warrens from Roman times. The term
BURROW
survives to this day in
Foxburrows Farm in Hainault Country Park. |
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POLLARD WAY |
VERDERERS ROAD |
Illustrated left are old
Hornbeam tree POLLARDS
in Hainault Forest. Branches could be lopped (cut) at the height of a man
and his 3 ft. axe. The branches were to be used for fuel but the brushwood
with leaves was to be left for the deer. Strict laws regulated this. Today
attempts to pollard and re-pollard trees can be seen. |
VERDERERS
were esquires or
gentlemen of good account, ability, and living, wise and discreet men and
well learned in the laws of the Forest"
They were appointed, following
an election, to do justice in the Forest at the Court of Attachments, and
were sworn to deal with any offences, and if they could not, to inform the
King. They were expected to treat all persons, rich or poor equally.
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COPPICE PATH |
Young trees
were cut at ground level (COPPICE)
and were allowed to
regrow. The tree was again cut after seven or more years and the
timber, especially from Hazel or Chestnut, was used as paling for fencing. |
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